Uma análise discursiva das nomeações de atores da agricultura na legislação agrária / A discursive analysis of the nominations of agricultural actors in agrarian legislation

A partir do diálogo com a Psicologia Social Discursiva e o Construcionismo Social, analisamos as práticas discursivas manifestas em documentos legislativos que regulamentam a ocupação e o cultivo da terra no Brasil, com o objetivo central de compreender os modos de nomeação dos diferentes atores/atrizes da agricultura presentes na legislação. Com base na análise de documentos da legislação agrária brasileira, em nível federal, que regulam a exploração da terra, regimentam direitos e imposições e regem a implementação de políticas públicas destinadas à agricultura do país, evidenciamos a relevância destes documentos para a manutenção do status quo da concentração de terras, da necessidade de defesa de iniciativas que promovam a distribuição de terras no país e a imprescindibilidade de fomentar políticas públicas que auxiliem na minimização de iniquidades no cultivo da terra e na geração de riquezas.

Based on the dialogue with Discursive Social Psychology and Social Constructionism, we analyzed the discursive practices manifested in legislative documents that regulate the occupation and cultivation of land in Brazil, with the central objective to understand the ways of naming the different actors / actresses of agriculture present in this legislation. Based on the analysis of the Brazilian agrarian issue and the examination of the federal legislation that regulates land use, regulate rights and impositions and govern the implementation of public policies aimed at the country's agriculture, we highlight the relevance of these documents for maintaining the status quo of land concentration, the need to defend initiatives that promote land distribution in the country and the need to promote public policies that help to minimize inequities in land cultivation and wealth generation.

Are generations a useful concept?

The concepts of generations and generational differences have received much attention in the academic literature, in the popular press, and among practitioners, policymakers, and politicians. Despite the continued interest, research has failed to find convincing evidence for the existence of distinct generations, commonly conceptualized as broad groupings of birth cohorts (e.g., 1980-2000) that have been influenced by a set of significant events (e.g., economic depressions) and labeled with names and qualities that supposedly reflect their defining characteristics (e.g., Millennials). Further, any differences that have been found in empirical studies, and that have been attributed to generational membership, are more likely due to age and/or contemporaneous period effects. Nonetheless, some researchers, employers, institutions, governments, and many laypeople continue to treat generations like they are a powerful and actionable phenomenon. We address these issues in two ways. First, we review the science of generations, focusing on what is known, what is not, and why the evidence points to the conclusion that generations, as popularly conceptualized, do not exist in objectively quantifiable ways. We also address the disconnect between science and practice regarding generations. Second, we explore alternate explanations for effects that are attributed to generations and review approaches that are both more theoretically sound and empirically supported, including lifespan theory and social constructionist frameworks. Finally, we address connections between assumptions made about generations and concerns about diversity, equity, and inclusion at work. Specifically, we address what has been termed generationalism, the belief that members of specific generations possess unique, stereotypic characteristics.

Stop being a wuss: People's perceptions of men experiencing grief in Australia.

ISSUE ADDRESSED: Three years have passed since the Australian Government's Department of Health released its National Men's Health Strategy 2020-2030. Presently, little evidence is available to show whether the strategy has achieved success in rectifying men's mental-ill health, particularly the experience of stigma when expressing vulnerable emotions such as grief. Concurrently, research within the field of psychology continues to show that men experience significant pressure to conform faithfully to their socialised gender role. Given the focus to better men's mental health in Australia, this study ascertained people's perceptions of men experiencing grief. METHODS: The study adopted social constructionism to explore how participants perceived a fictious character living with grief using a hypothetical vignette by way of convenience sampling. Nine males and seven females who resided in Australia participated in answering seven questions concerning the character's experience of grief. RESULTS: Inductive thematic analysis yielded three themes which collectively represented perceptions of masculinised grief. Notably, avoid stigma by fixing grief, avoid stigma by quickly getting over grief, and avoid stigma by suppressing the expression of grief. SO WHAT?: The study suggests that a stronger research focus should be targeted towards rectifying stigma resulting from men's expression of vulnerable emotions by incorporating in depth interviews in order to create worthwhile public awareness initiatives. Such initiatives should seek to minimise societal pressures that are placed upon men to ensure conformity to dominant masculine ideologies and their socialised gendered role when experiencing and expressing vulnerable emotions such as grief.

The #longcovid revolution: A reflexive thematic analysis.

Research has identified long COVID as the first virtual patient-made condition (Callard and Perego, 2021). It originated from Twitter users sharing their experiences using the hashtag #longcovid. Over the first two years of the pandemic, long COVID affected as many as 17 million people in Europe (WHO, 2023). This study focuses on the initial #longcovid tweets in 2020 (as previous studies have focused on 2021-2022), from the first tweet in May to August 2020, when the World Health Organization recognised the condition. We collected over 31,000 tweets containing #longcovid from Twitter. Using Braun and Clarke's reflexive thematic analysis (2020), informed by the first author's experience of long COVID and drawing on Ian Hacking's perspective on social constructionism (1999), we identified different grades of social constructionism in the tweets. The themes we generated reflected that long COVID was a multi-system, cyclical condition initially stigmatised and misunderstood. These findings align with existing literature (Ladds et al., 2020; Rushforth et al., 2021). We add to the existing literature by suggesting that Twitter users raised awareness of long COVID by providing social consensus on their long COVID symptoms. Despite the challenge for traditional evidence-based medicine to capture the varied and intermittent symptoms, the social consensus highlighted that these variations were a consistent and collective experience. This social consensus fostered a collective social movement, overcoming stigma through supportive tweets and highlighting their healthcare needs using #researchrehabrecognition. The #longcovid movement's work was revolutionary, as it showed a revolutionary grade of social constructionism, because it brought about real-world change for long COVID sufferers in terms of recognition and the potential for healthcare provisions. Twitter users' accounts expose the limitations of traditional evidence-based medicine in identifying new conditions. Future research on novel conditions should consider various research paradigms, such as Evidence-Based Medicine Plus (Greenhalgh et al., 2022).

Exploring the Evidence for the Paradigms of Recovery and Social Work Converging in Mental Health Service Delivery Worldwide: Reflections from an Irish Case Study.

Recovery within mental health service delivery is no longer a new consideration in the Western world. However, it is well-documented how challenging its implementation and translation to practice and reality have been in contemporary mental health systems. In conjunction with this, mental health social work is continuously being challenged and debated in relation to its role, responsibilities, and identity in service delivery. This is largely the consequence of the continued dominance of the biomedical model in relation to service delivery. Yet, if we critically reflect on the philosophy and ethos of recovery, it becomes very clear that social work should be the key profession to lead the development and improvement of recovery-orientated services across the globe. To illustrate this argument, the authors first draw on empirical research undertaken by the lead author within the Republic of Ireland on how recovery is socially constructed within mental health service delivery. The key stakeholders involved in the Irish study included professionals, service users, family members, and policy influencers, with participants taking part in semi-structured interviews. Secondly, the authors reflect on some of the findings from this Irish study, presenting an argument for not only a more significant role for social work in an Irish mental health context but also making comparisons from an international perspective. This includes exploring the role of critical social work traditions for supporting services to move beyond a philosophy of recovery that has, to date, overlooked the intersectional injustices and inequalities faced by hard-to-reach populations. Finally, the authors conclude by providing some possibilities for how the paradigms of social work and recovery can and should continue to converge towards each other, opening a space for social work to become a more dominant perspective within mental health systems worldwide.

Exploring intersectoral collaboration in diabetes care: A positioning theoretical perspective.

Intersectoral collaboration (IC) plays a significant role in the delivery of diabetes care and treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes (DM2), as the treatment and care of these patients take place in both primary care and specialist settings. The collaboration involves a large number of actors from primary and secondary healthcare sectors, who are expected to fulfil various roles when they engage in IC. We explored the actors' roles by applying the framework of positioning theory with the aim of revealing seemingly embedded understandings of such roles. The empirical data consisted of individual and focus group interviews. Our results indicate that naturalised understandings of the roles of actors interact with the way in which health professionals, patients, managers and relatives strive to develop IC that aims to help and guide patients who live with DM2.

Using team-based learning to optimize undergraduate family medicine clerkship training: mixed methods study.

BACKGROUND: Team-Based Learning (TBL) is an established educational strategy which has become increasingly popular in the training of healthcare professionals. TBL is highly suitable for teaching Family Medicine (FM) especially that teamwork and collaborative care, in this medical discipline, are at the core of safe and effective practice. Despite the established suitability of TBL for teaching FM, there are no empirical studies that capture the students' perception of a TBL in FM undergraduate learning experience in the Middle East and North Africa region (MENA). OBJECTIVE: The overall objective of this study was to investigate the perception of students regarding a TBL in FM intervention (in Dubai, United Arab Emirates), that was designed and implemented in alignment with a constructivist learning theory. METHODS: A convergent mixed methods study design was utilized to develop a thorough understanding of the students' perceptions. Qualitative and quantitative data were concurrently collected and independently analyzed. The output of thematic analysis was systematically merged with the quantitative descriptive and inferential findings using the iterative joint display process. RESULTS: The qualitative findings shed light on the students' perception of TBL in FM, and the interplay between team cohesion and engagement with the course. As for the quantitative findings, they showed that the percentage of the total average of the Satisfaction with TBL in FM score was 88.80%. As for change in impression of FM discipline, the percentage of the total average was 83.10%. The perception of team cohesion, with a mean of agreement of 8.62(1.34), seemed to be significantly associated with the students' perception of the team test phase component, only (P < 0.05). As for the perception of the level of engagement with the course, with a mean of agreement of 9.29(0.84), it turned out to be significantly associated with the change in impression of FM discipline (P < 0.05). Lastly, the joint display analysis showed how the quantitative and qualitative findings built upon each other, revealing how best to leverage TBL in FM trainings. CONCLUSION: The current study showed that TBL embedded in a FM clinical clerkship was well-received by students. It is worth leveraging the lessons learned from the first-hand experience reported upon in the current study to optimize the utilization of TBL in FM.

Should We Continue to Tell Autistic People that Their Brains are Different?

Autism is often considered to reflect categorically 'different brains'. Neuropsychological research on autism spectrum disorder (ASD) however, has struggled to define this difference, or derive clear-cut boundaries between autism and non-autism. Consequently, restructuring or disbanding the ASD diagnosis is becoming increasingly advocated within research. Nonetheless, autism now exists as a salient social construction, of which 'difference' is a key facet. Clinical and educational professionals must influence this cautiously, as changes to autism's social construction may counterproductively affect the quality of life of autistic people. This paper therefore reviews ASD's value as both neuropsychological and social constructs. Although lacking neuropsychological validity, the autism label may be beneficial for autistic self-identity, reduction of stigma, and administering support. Whilst a shift away from case-control ASD research is warranted, lay notions of 'different brains' may be preserved.

Irreducibly Social: Why Biocriminology's Ontoepistemology is Incompatible with the Social Reality of Crime.

Professing interactionist bio + social terminology, contemporary biocriminology asserts a break from its biologically essentialist past. Assurances notwithstanding, whether biocriminology has undergone a decisive paradigm shift rejecting notions of biological criminals and bad brains remains uncertain. Unfortunately, discussions of biocriminology's assumptions are mired in politics, obscuring important scientific issues. Motivated to clarify misunderstanding, I address the ontoepistemology of biocriminology from a scientific realist perspective. Drawing on familiar notions of crime as a social construction, I explain how and why biocriminology's ontoepistemology is inconsistent with the social reality of crime for scientific not ideological reasons. I explain that recognizing crime is a social construction does not imply that crime is not real or objective and cannot be studied scientifically. On the contrary, the irreducibly social nature of crime requires that scientific realists reject assumptions of 'biological crime' as well as the biologically reductionist epistemology on which biocriminology depends.

Foucault and Hayek on public health and the road to serfdom.

This paper draws on the work of Michel Foucault and Friedrich Hayek to understand threats to personal and enterprise freedom, arising from public health governance. Whereas public choice theory examines the incentives these institutions provide to agents, the analysis here understands those incentives as framed by discursive social constructions that affect the identity, power, and positionality of different actors. It shows how overlapping discourses of scientific rationalism may generate a 'road to serfdom' narrowing freedom of action and expression across an expanding terrain. As such, the paper contributes to the growing literature emphasising the importance of narratives, stories and metaphors as shaping political economic action in ways feeding through to outcomes and institutions.

Learning from within: Therapists' actions in daily clinical practice.

The integration of theories and techniques is part of family therapists' daily practice, raising the need to understand which resources are used in this professional's clinical actions. Our aim is to reflect on the use of theoretical and technical resources by family therapists in their daily practice. We developed an inquiry process inspired by collaborative action research and social constructionism. Couple and family therapy sessions were conducted by two family therapists, and we developed subsequent dialogs with them focused on describing theoretical and technical inspirations for their actions. Next, we named four categories of actions in this process: exploratory actions, actions for the construction of relational visions, actions for the construction of communication, and actions for family orientation. The therapists-participants referred to many theoretical and technical resources that inspired their practice. For them, the choice of using one or another resource was based on the demands of the interactive moment, which involves their relational and embodied responses to what was experienced in the sessions. We argue that epistemological coherence is not something that guides the therapist's practice a priori, but something that can be achieved by talking about and reflecting on their actions. This article can contribute to clinical practice and training in family therapy by presenting an interesting reflexive process that can be useful to enhance practice in couple and family therapy (FAPESP, Process n. 2015/21316-1).

Responsividade e dialogia: momentos críticos na educação permanente em saúde / Responsividad y dialogismo: momentos críticos en educación permanente en salud / Responsiveness and dialogism: critical moments in continuing education in health

RESUMO. Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar um processo de Educação Permanente em Saúde (EPS) desenvolvido com profissionais de Centros de Atenção Psicossocial. O estudo foi orientado pela perspectiva construcionista social, que considera a linguagem como forma de ação social e se interessa pelos processos interacionais e dialógicos na produção do conhecimento. Foram realizados sete encontros com um grupo de dez profissionais. As conversas foram gravadas, transcritas e analisadas qualitativamente, a partir da delimitação de momentos críticos. Exploramos a análise de dois momentos críticos, que indicam a ocorrência de transformação de sentidos relacionados à importância do trabalho desenvolvido pelas profissionais e à possibilidade de participação das famílias no cuidado. Foram nomeados como: "'O afeto é transformador": ': construindo a importância do trabalho e dos encontros de EPS, e "'Estamos prescrevendo corresponsabilização": ': transformando o sentido de participação das famílias. Por meio da análise deles, discutimos a centralidade do processo conversacional na configuração das possibilidades dialógicas, com destaque à responsividade como recurso básico de facilitação para promoção da dialogia.

RESUMEN. Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar un proceso de Educación Permanente en Salud (EPS) desarrollado con profesionales de servicios públicos de salud mental en Brasil. El estudio se guió por la perspectiva construccionista social, que considera el lenguaje como una forma de acción social y se interesa por los procesos interaccionales y dialógicos en la producción del conocimiento. Se celebraron siete reuniones con un grupo de diez profesionales. Las conversaciones fueron grabadas, transcritas y analizadas cualitativamente, desde la definición de momentos críticos. Exploramos el análisis de dos momentos críticos, que indican la aparición de la transformación de significados relacionados con la importancia del trabajo desarrollado por profesionales y la posibilidad de la participación familiar en la atención. Fueron llamados: "'El afecto es transformador": ': construyendo la importancia del trabajo y las reuniones de EPS, y "'Estamos prescribiendo corresponsabilidad": ': transformando el sentido de participación de las famílias. A través de su análisis, discutimos la centralidad del proceso de conversación en la configuración de posibilidades dialógicas, con énfasis en la responsividad como un recurso básico de facilitación para la promoción del dialogismo.

ABSTRACT. This study aims to analyze a process of Continuing Education in Health (CEH) developed with professionals from public mental health care centers in Brazil. The research was guided by social constructionist perspective which considers language as a form of social action and is interested in interactive and dialogical processes involved in knowledge construction. Seven meetings were held with a group of ten professionals. Conversations were recorded, transcribed and analyzed qualitatively by the delimitation of critical moments. We explored the analysis of two critical moments, which indicate the occurrence of transformation of meanings related to the importance of practices developed by professionals and to the possibility of families' participation in care. They were called: "'Affection is transformative": ': building the importance of practice and CEH meetings, and "'We are prescribing co-responsibility": ': transforming the sense of participation of families. Through their analysis, we discuss the centrality of the conversational process in the configuration of dialogical possibilities, with emphasis on responsiveness as a basic facilitating resource to promote dialogue.

Contributions of Fictional Narrative Research to Psychological Research with Stigmatized Populations / Contribuições da Pesquisa Narrativa Ficcional para a Pesquisa Psicológica com Populações Estigmatizadas / Aportes de la Investigación en Narrativa Ficticia a La Investigación Psicológica con Poblaciones Estigmatizadas

Abstract This article aims to present a model of narrative research in conjunction with fiction-based research. For this, we will explain its steps and reflect on its effects for research in psychology, specifically with stigmatized populations, given the interest in broadening perspectives on the same topic. Based on the appreciation of the uniqueness of the experience, narrative research makes it possible to question absolute truths and build alternative meanings to the hegemonic ones. Fiction-based research, on the other hand, can promote affective connection through stories, in addition to ensuring greater confidentiality of information. We describe the following methodological steps for the systematization of this type of research: Choice of fiction-based research, Production of "field texts", Moving on to "research texts" and Defining the literary style. Such steps are intended to inspire research that considers ethical and aesthetic aspects, as well as the intersection of theory and art.

Resumo O presente estudo teve como objetivo apresentar um modelo de pesquisa narrativa em conjunto com a pesquisa baseada na ficção. Para isso, explicitamos seus passos e refletimos acerca de seus efeitos para pesquisa em psicologia, especificamente com populações estigmatizadas, visto o interesse em ampliar perspectivas sobre um mesmo tema. A partir da valorização da singularidade da experiência, a pesquisa narrativa permite questionar verdades absolutas e construir sentidos alternativos aos hegemônicos. Já a pesquisa baseada na ficção pode promover conexão afetiva por meio de histórias, além de garantir maior confidencialidade das informações. Descrevemos os seguintes passos metodológicos para a sistematização deste tipo de pesquisa: Escolha da pesquisa baseada na ficção, Produção de textos de campo, Passagem aos textos de pesquisa e Definição do estilo literário. Tais passos intencionam inspirar pesquisas que considerem aspectos éticos e estéticos, bem como o cruzamento da teoria com a arte.

Resumen Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar un modelo de investigación narrativa con la investigación basada en la ficción. Explicaremos sus pasos y reflexionaremos sobre sus efectos para la investigación en psicología, específicamente con poblaciones estigmatizadas, ante el interés de ampliar las perspectivas sobre un mismo tema. Al valorar la singularidad de la experiencia, la investigación narrativa permite cuestionar verdades absolutas y construir significados alternativos a los hegemónicos. La investigación basada en la ficción, por otro lado, puede promover la conexión afectiva a través de las historias, además de garantizar una mayor confidencialidad de la información. Describimos los siguientes pasos metodológicos para la sistematización de este tipo de investigación: Elección de la investigación basada en la ficción, Producción de "textos de campo", Pasar a "textos de investigación" y Definición del estilo literario. Estos pasos pretenden inspirar investigaciones que consideren los aspectos éticos y estéticos, así como la intersección teórica y artística.

Sociodrama dialógico: um estudo preliminar? um ensaio teórico? / Dialogical sociodrama: a preliminary study? a theoretical essay? / Sociodrama dialógico: un estudio preliminar? ¿un ensayo teórico?

RESUMO Este estudo objetiva definir o sociodrama dialógico e apresentá-lo como uma nova modalidade de intervenção com grupos e famílias. Ou seja, recuperar, correlacionar os marcos históricos e conceituais importantes da socionomia, usualmente conhecida como psicodrama, e as práticas pós-modernas, como o construcionismo social. Essas práticas fazem parte do paradigma sistêmico, e podem-se evidenciar as convergências epistemológicas entre os campos, bem como a fundamentação teórica. Concluíram-se com este estudo ganhos como o compromisso em produzir mudança nos e com os grupos e famílias e a ampla interface de aplicação dessa metodologia emergente.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to define dialogical sociodrama and present it as a new modality of intervention with groups and families, that is, recover and correlate the important historical and conceptual landmarks of socionomy, usually known as psychodrama, and postmodern practices, such as social constructionism. These practices are part of the systemic paradigm, and the epistemological convergences between the fields can be highlighted, as well as the theoretical foundation. This study concluded with gains such as the commitment to producing change in and with groups and families and the broad application interface of this emerging methodology.

RESUMEN Este estudio pretende definir el Sociodrama Dialógico y presentarlo como una nueva modalidad de intervención con grupos y familias. Recuperar y correlacionar los importantes hitos históricos y conceptuales de la Socionomía, habitualmente conocida como Psicodrama, y prácticas posmodernas, como el Construccionismo Social. Estas prácticas forman parte del Paradigma Sistémico y se pueden destacar las convergencias epistemológicas entre los campos, así como la fundamentación teórica. Este estudio concluyó con logros como el compromiso de producir cambios en y con grupos y familias y la amplia interfaz de aplicación de esta metodología emergente.

Implications of deficit discourse in the conversations of a mother who requests forced treatment / Implicações do discurso do déficit nas conversas de uma mãe que solicita tratamento forçado / Implications du discours déficitaire sur les conversations d'une mère qui demande traitement forcé / Implicaciones del discurso del déficit en las conversaciones de una madre que solicita tratamiento forzado

Abstract This case study analyzes the implications of deficit discourse on the daily conversations of a mother who requested forced treatment for her son. Data were analyzed drawing on social construction, with an emphasis on positioning theory and deficit discourse. Two episodes displaying deficit discourse were analyzed: one about the son as someone who is powerless, coping with drug use and another about the mother as someone unable to help her son. A sample letter was constructed using relational discourse, which provided new understandings for practice. Results support the benefits of collaborative and relational approaches for people who use drugs and for the emotional support of families.

Resumo Este estudo de caso analisa as implicações do discurso do déficit nas conversas cotidianas de uma mãe que solicitou tratamento forçado para seu filho. Os dados foram analisados a partir da construção social, com ênfase na teoria do posicionamento e do discurso do déficit. Dois episódios foram analisados a partir do discurso do déficit: um sobre o filho como alguém que é impotente no enfrentamento do uso de drogas e outro sobre a mãe como alguém incapaz de ajudar seu filho. Foi construída uma carta ilustrativa a partir do discurso relacional, que proporcionou novos entendimentos para a prática. Os resultados corroboram os benefícios das abordagens colaborativas e relacionais para o suporte emocional de pessoas que usam drogas e suas famílias.

Résumé Cette étude de cas analyse les implications du discours déficitaire sur les conversations quotidiennes d'une mère qui a demandé traitement forcé pour son fils. Les données ont été analysées en s'appuyant sur la construction sociale, en mettant l'accent sur la théorie du positionnement et le discours déficitaire. Deux épisodes ont été analyses utilisant le discours déficitaire: l'un sur le fils en tant que personne impuissante face à l'usage de drogue, et l'autre sur la mère en tant que personne incapable d'aider son fils. Une lettre illustrative a été construit utilisant le discours relationnel, qui a fourni de nouvelles compréhensions pour la pratique. Les résultats confirment les avantages des approches collaboratives et relationnelles pour le soutien émotionnel des personnes qui consomment des drogues et leurs familles.

Resumen Este estudio de caso analiza las implicaciones del discurso del déficit en las conversaciones diarias de una madre que solicitó tratamiento forzado para su hijo. Los datos fueron analizados a partir de la construcción social, con énfasis en la teoría del posicionamiento y el discurso del déficit. Se analizaron dos episodios a partir del discurso del déficit: uno sobre el hijo como alguien que es impotente frente al uso de drogas y otro sobre la madre como alguien incapaz de ayudar a su hijo. Se construyó una carta ilustrativa utilizando el discurso relacional, que proporcionó nuevas comprensiones para la práctica. Los resultados respaldan los beneficios de los enfoques colaborativos y relacionales para el soporte emocional de las personas que usan drogas y sus familias.

COVID-19 and U.S. Disputes Over Authority, 2020-2021: Implications for the Constructionist Analysis of Social Problems.

COVID-19 is very different from the cases typically studied by constructionist analysts of social problems: it emerged quickly, spread widely, and affected many aspects of social life. As such, it offers important opportunities to reconsider the constructionist model. We focus on three issues-metrics, masks, and vaccines-where COVID-19 disputes about authority led to different alliances among several categories of claimsmakers. Our point is that COVID-19 discourse seems far messier than most of the narratives presented by constructionist analysts, and we identify several lessons from this unusual contemporary case that might help us strengthen existing social problems theory.

The role of legislation in K-12 school discipline: The silence of action.

Researchers have consistently identified the disparity between teachers' practical and legal knowledge regarding teachers' right to discipline students. However, few studies have investigated teachers' construction processes that form construction outcomes, which would help navigate the role of legislation in school discipline. This study contributes to a holistic picture of the neglected disciplinary rights that teachers construct in teaching practice and their underexplored attitude toward the law, using an interview-based constructionist method on twelve teachers of Lvliang city in a Chinese K-12 context. The findings suggest that the participants prefer to acquire discipline knowledge by interacting with multiple power relations in their local environment and that their knowledge is historically and culturally specific. Although the disciplinary right they construct is never static, balanced, or essentialised, the participants' constructions are commonly not in line with legal provisions or the aims of the law. Furthermore, school discipline legislation plays a silent role in empowering teachers to discipline students, but it is more visible in holding back teachers' use of corporal punishment. These findings illustrate the complexity of implementing school disciplinary law as a universal national policy.

'So, let me see if I understood': Narratives of couples about their therapeutic process / 'Então, deixa eu ver se eu entendi': Narrativas de casais sobre seu processo terapêutico / 'Entonces, déjame aclarar esto': Narrativas de parejas sobre su proceso terapéutico

Couple therapy is an important clinical resource and it can progress along different theoretical approaches. Recently, constructionist proposals have been used, focusing on a dialogical understanding of the therapeutic process. This study outlines the understanding of how couples who have undergone couple therapy under a social constructionist orientation narrate their therapeutic process. Six heterosexual couples were part of this study. Twelve open individual interviews were conducted, focusing on significant moments. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed using reflective thematic analysis procedures. Three axes were built, promoting a procedural view of couple therapy: initial motivation; experiences during therapy; and changes achieved. The birth of children, conflicts and the need of dialogue were the reason couple therapy was sought. During therapy, the couples found a safe environment to talk about different points of view. As a result, they were able to develop empathy and build dialogic spaces at home. We conclude that the therapists' participation in the construction of a safe space for dialogue was essential for the good outcomes attained, functioning as a conversational model to be adopted by the couples in their daily life. Therefore, this research showcases the potential of constructionist couple therapy as a resource in contemporary clinic.

A terapia de casal é um importante recurso clínico e pode ser desenvolvida segundo diferentes linhas teóricas. Mais recentemente, propostas construcionistas têm sido utilizadas, com foco numa compreensão dialógica do processo terapêutico. O objetivo deste estudo é compreender como casais que passaram por terapia de casal sob uma orientação construcionista social narram seu processo terapêutico. Participaram desta pesquisa seis casais heterossexuais. Foram realizadas doze entrevistas abertas individuais, com foco em momentos marcantes. As entrevistas foram transcritas e analisadas por procedimentos de análise temática reflexiva. Três eixos foram construídos, promovendo uma visão processual da terapia de casal: motivação inicial; vivências durante a terapia; e mudanças alcançadas. Nascimento dos filhos, conflitos e necessidade de diálogo motivaram a busca pela terapia de casal. Durante a terapia, os casais vivenciaram um ambiente seguro para dialogar sobre diferentes pontos de vista. Como consequência, puderam desenvolver empatia e construir espaços de conversa no contexto do lar. Concluímos que a participação dos terapeutas na construção de um espaço seguro para o diálogo foi central para os bons resultados alcançados, servindo como um modelo de conversa a ser adotado pelos casais em sua vida cotidiana. Assim, a pesquisa dá visibilidade para o potencial da terapia de casal construcionista como recurso na clínica contemporânea.

La terapia de pareja es un recurso clínico importante y puede desarrollarse por medio de diferentes líneas teóricas. En la actualidad, se han utilizado propuestas construccionistas, centradas en una comprensión dialógica del proceso terapéutico. El objetivo de este estudio es comprender de qué manera las parejas que han pasado por la terapia de pareja bajo una orientación social construccionista narran su proceso terapéutico. Seis parejas heterosexuales han participado en esta investigación. Se realizaron doce entrevistas abiertas individuales, centrándose en momentos significativos. Las entrevistas fueron transcritas y analizadas mediante procedimientos de análisis temático reflexivo. Se construyeron tres ejes temáticos, promoviendo una visión de la terapia de pareja como proceso: motivación inicial; experiencias durante la terapia; y cambios logrados. El nacimiento de los hijos, los conflictos y la necesidad de diálogo apoyaron sus búsquedas por la terapia de pareja. Durante la terapia, ellos vivieron un contexto para hablar de sus diferentes puntos de vista. Por consiguiente, pudieron desarrollar una mayor empatía y construir espacios dialógicos en el contexto de sus hogares. Concluimos que la participación de los terapeutas en la construcción de un espacio seguro fue central para los buenos resultados obtenidos, sirviendo como modelo de conversación a ser adoptado en su vida diaria. Así, esta investigación ha proporcionado visibilidad al potencial de la terapia de pareja construccionista como recurso en la clínica contemporánea.

Deserving but not entitled: The social construction of autism spectrum disorder in federal policy.

Public policies play an influential role in shaping public opinion about health conditions, who is affected by them, and potential pathways for identification and intervention. This study draws upon a social constructionist perspective of policy design and disability to examine how autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been framed in United States federal legislation. Qualitative content analysis of autism legislation passed between 1973 and 2019 indicates that policies reinforced ASD as a largely medicalized, neurobiological condition of childhood; this was reflected in both the policy aims, sources of knowledge and groups prioritized to address ASD; and the symbolic or material resources committed (or not committed) by enacted federal legislation to specific constituencies. Policy aims of early ASD legislation were symbolic in nature, focusing predominantly on framing children with ASD as a group worthy of public recognition. More recent legislation, in contrast, conferred material resources - albeit in targeted ways. Funding for surveillance and medical research on causation, early detection, treatment, and health professional training were prioritized with little attention to either service delivery needs of individuals with ASD and their families, supports over the lifecourse, or the social factors influencing ASD.

Giving voice to children in research: The power of child-centered constructivist grounded theory methodology.

There has been a growing interest in giving voice to children in response to the introduction of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and evolving sociological discourses on childhood. Using child-sensitive methodologies such as constructivist grounded theory (CGT) enables children's voices to contribute authentic, meaningful, and eventually more actionable data, capable of informing policies and practices in children's best interests. In this article, we discuss how researchers using CGT can privilege children's voices through effective knowledge coconstruction by creating a child-sensitive research space and using methods that are appropriate to their abilities and interests. We draw on selected data from the first author's (I. S.) PhD project that explores Indian immigrant children's and their family carers' beliefs, practices, and experiences of asthma in New Zealand. We encourage researchers to consider CGT as one of the appropriate methodological choices to explicitly promote the voice of the child.